record F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
2nd, we level ining the way the likelihood of hukou intermarriage alter which have for each wife or husband’s training (Gullickson and you will Torche, 2014), therefore after that check variation inside market exchange between the two towns.
record F cijkl = Formula dos + ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants‘ and locals‘ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses‘ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses‘ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Results
Detailed leads to Dining table 1 tell you hukou area pairings off spouses by the area. In Shanghai, on the 47% off micro-census was contracted anywhere between a couple migrants; inside the Shenzhen, one fee are over 70%. Throughout the 38% of marriages on it one or two local partners during the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% out of marriage ceremonies had one or two regional partners into the Shenzhen. Clearly, somebody had a tendency to marry in their hukou updates category in both cities. In urban centers, marriages between an area spouse and a beneficial migrant wife have been much probably be than marriage ceremonies between a great migrant spouse and you will a location spouse to occur (13% vs. 3% into the Shanghai and you will 11% compared to. 4% within the Shenzhen). The percentage of hukou area homogamy is comparable from the a couple of places. But really, you want to translate the outcome that have alerting, because the show regarding migrants is different during these a couple urban centers. The relative measurements of migrants and you may natives produces structural marital possibilities for folks to get prospective partners and eventually ). Log-linear research allows us to consider the degree of hukou homogamy, net of your compositional consequences, of the managing to own marginal withdrawals out-of hukou updates.
Dining table step one.
We first establish the new withdrawals from education attainment to have migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives for the each city, respectively, during the Shape step one . Typically, migrants is shorter experienced than just neighbors, no matter gender, in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. One of migrants, the male is better educated than simply feamales in one another Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. Conversely, certainly neighbors, secret benefits laskutusongelmat brand new gender gap in knowledge are both small otherwise stopped: regional guys normally are merely a little most readily useful experienced than just their women alternatives into the Shenzhen, and local female on average be educated than simply their male equivalents inside the Shanghai. Log-linear models manage into the degree inequalities between visitors and you will ranging from neighbors and migrants to fully capture new connections anywhere between spouses‘ training and you can between educational and you may hukou area assortative mating, internet of your own marginal withdrawals out of spouses‘ qualities.
